| Background | Responds to activation by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as JUN, JDP2 and ATF2 and thus regulates AP-1 transcriptional activity. In T-cells, JNK1 and JNK2 are required for polarized differentiation of T-helper cells into Th1 cells By similarity. Phosphorylates heat shock factor protein 4 (HSF4). /Responds to activation by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as c-Jun and ATF2 and thus regulates AP-1 transcriptional activity. In T-cells, JNK1 and JNK2 are required for polarized differentiation of T-helper cells into Th1 cells. JNK2 isoforms display different binding patterns: alpha-1 and alpha-2 preferentially bind to c-Jun, whereas beta-1 and beta-2 bind to ATF2. However, there is no correlation between binding and phosphorylation, which is achieved at about the same efficiency by all isoforms. JUNB is not a substrate for JNK2 alpha-2, and JUND binds only weakly to it. /Responds to activation by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as c-Jun and ATF2 and thus regulates AP-1 transcriptional activity. Required for stress-induced neuronal apoptosis and the pathogenesis of glutamate excitotoxicity |
| Synonyms | JNK, JNK1, JNK1A2, JNK21B1/2, PRKM8, SAPK1, MAPK8, mitogen-activated protein kinase 8, stress-activated protein kinase 1, stress-activated protein kinase 1c, MAP kinase 8, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1, JUN N-terminal kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform JNK1 alpha1, mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform JNK1 beta2, JNK-55, JNK2, JNK2A, JNK2ALPHA, JNK2B, JNK2BETA, PRKM9, SAPK, p54a, p54aSAPK, MAPK9, stress-activated protein kinase 1a, MAP kinase 9, stress-activated protein kinase JNK2, Jun kinase, MAPK 9, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2, c-Jun kinase 2, mitogen-activated protein kinase 9, FLJ12099, FLJ33785, JNK3, JNK3A, MGC50974, PRKM10, p493F12, p54bSAPK, MAPK10, MAPK 10, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3, stress-activated protein kinase JNK3, stress activated protein kinase beta, JNK3 alpha protein kinase, MAP kinase 10, mitogen-activated protein kinase 10, MAP kinase p49 3F12, stress-activated protein kinase 1b |