Norovirus

Figure 1. The Norovirus (NoV) virion

Human noroviruses (HuNoV) (previously referred to as the Norwalk Virus (NV) or Norwalk-like viruses) are the overwhelming (>95%) cause of epidemic non-bacterial gastroenteritis in the world, accounting for more than 200,000 deaths annually and significant morbidity (1). NoVs spread primarily through the fecal-oral route, which facilitates their spread through children under five years of age, the elderly, the immunocompromised, and tourists. The viral-induced self-limited gastroenteritis generally involves abdominal cramping, watery diarrhea, and vomiting. Though there is at least one vaccine candidate in development, there are no specific antivirals for HuNoVs and thorough handwashing procedures remain the best preventative strategy.

HuNoVs belong to the genus Norovirus of the family Caliciviridae. They are non-enveloped viruses containing a positive-sense, single-stranded genomic RNA of ~7.5-7.7 kb (Figures 1-2). Three open-reading frames (ORFs) encode the six non-structural proteins (NS1/2 to NS7), the main capsid protein VP1, and the minor capsid protein VP2, respectively. There are currently ten genogroups (GI–GX) (further subdivided into 49 genotypes) of NoV specified by the sequences of VP1 and the NS7 polymerase, though only GI (to which NV belongs), GII, and GIV cause acute gastroenteritis in humans (1, 2). The GII.4 genotype is associated with a more severe clinical course, and has spun off six pandemic strains. GII.17 is another highly infectious genotype that has been recently detected. Owing to antigenic shift and drift, new variants with more potent invasive capacity and resistance continue to emerge.

GeneTex is proud to add two new genotype-specific antibodies against HuNoV VP1 to its expanding portfolio of NoV research reagents. These are both recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibodies: Norovirus VP1 antibody [HL1672] (GTX637271) (GII.4-specific) and Norovirus VP1 antibody [HL2177] (GTX638181) (GII.17-specific). Please see the product images below and visit www.genetex.com for more details.

Figure 2. Human NoV genomic organization

Highlighted Products

Norovirus VP1 antibody [HL2177] (GTX638181) (GII.17-specific)	Norovirus VP1 antibody [HL2177] (GTX638181) (GII.17-specific)
Norovirus VP1 antibody [HL1672] (GTX637271) (GII.4-specific)	Norovirus VP1 antibody (GTX134381) (GII.4-specific)

Cat. No. Product Name Clonality Applications   GTX637271 Norovirus VP1 antibody [HL1672] Rec Rb mAb WB GTX638181 Norovirus VP1 antibody [HL2177] Rec Rb mAb WB, ICC/IF GTX134381 Norovirus VP1 antibody Rb pAb WB, IHC-P (cell pellet)   GTX134382 Norovirus VP1 antibody Rb pAb WB   GTX134380 Norovirus VP1 antibody Rb pAb WB   GTX134386 Norovirus VP2 antibody Rb pAb WB   GTX134383 Norovirus VP2 antibody Rb pAb WB

References:

1.    Viruses. 2022 Dec 16;14(12):2811. doi: 10.3390/v14122811.
2.    Front Immunol. 2020 Jun 16;11:961. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00961.