Cancer Immune Checkpoints

Increasing knowledge of how cancer cells escape immune destruction has significantly driven the evolution of cancer immunotherapy. In particular, studies describing how different immune checkpoints, including the PD-1 and CTLA-4 pathways, function to attenuate T cell antitumor activity have revealed novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Researchers have made promising strides in inhibiting these checkpoints to unleash the T cells’ tumor-killing potential. Given that both radiotherapy and chemotherapy can also mobilize antitumor T cells, there is great excitement that checkpoint inhibition and other immunomodulatory approaches can be combined with conventional modalities to maximize clinical outcomes for a number of malignancies.

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