SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 pathogenesis is inextricably linked to immune system dysfunction. Hypercytokinemia (or “cytokine storm”) is a hyperinflammatory response that can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other systemic complications in COVID-19 patients. To learn more about the immune signatures present in the respiratory tract following SARS-CoV-2 infection, Zhou et al. performed metatranscriptomic sequencing and functional analysis using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from healthy subjects and from patients with COVID-19 or community-acquired pneumonia (1). The authors found increased expression of multiple proinflammatory genes, especially chemokines (with CXCL17 consistently noted) and their receptors, in the COVID-19 samples. In addition, there was evidence of a strong interferon (IFN) response with at least 83 IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) being upregulated. Significantly, genes mediating neutrophil (e.g., CXCL8) and monocyte (i.e., CCL2, CCL7) recruitment were overexpressed, an intriguing observation as these cells are in the alveoli of patients with ARDS. This also agrees with clinical findings that an elevated neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio is an indicator of aggressive disease. Finally, the authors report the downregulation of several neuron function-related pathways in the COVID-19 samples, which may offer important clues as to how this virus impacts the nervous system. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 corrupts the transcriptional profiles of innate immune cells in the lung, and establishes a framework for more specific mechanistic studies.

See Product List

 

Featured Products

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 antibody [HL6] (GTX635654)

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) nucleocapsid antibody [HL249] (GTX635678)

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 protein, His and Avi tags (active) (GTX01548-pro)

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike FFPE Cell Pellet Block (GTX435640)

 

Antibodies for Cytokine Storm Research

     

Cat. No. Product Name Clonality Reactivity Applications   GTX10026 C Reactive Protein antibody [C1] Ms mAb Hu WB, ELISA, IHC, Purification, Turbidimetry GTX101262 C Reactive Protein antibody [N1C3] Rb pAb Hu, Rat WB, IHC   GTX31176 CXCL10 / IP10 antibody Rb pAb Hu WB, IHC-P, ELISA, Neutralizing/Blocking GTX115959 CXCL8 / IL8 antibody Rb pAb Hu WB, IHC-P, FACS GTX01155 CXCR3 antibody [JA61-33]  Rb mAb Hu WB, ICC/IF GTX108145 CXCR3 antibody [N1], N-term  Rb pAb Hu WB, IHC-P GTX60943 D-Dimer antibody [28]  Ms mAb Hu, Dog WB, ELISA GTX101005 FGF10 antibody Rb pAb Hu, Rat WB   GTX101007 FGF12 antibody Rb pAb Ms WB   GTX101008 FGF13 antibody Rb pAb Hu, Ms, Rat WB, IHC-P   GTX130346 FGF14 antibody Rb pAb Hu WB, ICC/IF   GTX128496 FGF18 antibody Rb pAb Hu WB   GTX01054 FGF21 antibody [JA10-97] Rb mAb Hu, Ms, Rat WB, IHC-P GTX111877 FGF21 antibody [N3C3] Rb pAb Hu WB, ICC/IF, IHC-P   GTX31157 G-CSF antibody  Rb pAb Hu WB, IHC-P, ELISA, Neutralizing/Blocking GTX59748 GM-CSF antibody  Rb pAb Hu WB, Neutralizing/Blocking GTX129003 HGF (alpha subunit) antibody  Rb pAb Hu WB GTX111810 HGF antibody  Rb pAb Hu WB GTX74034 IL1 beta antibody Rb pAb Hu, Ms, Rat WB, ICC/IF, IHC-P, IHC-Fr, ELISA, Functional Assay, IHC GTX634188 IL1 beta antibody [GT289] Ms mAb Hu WB, ICC/IF GTX130513 IL10 antibody Rb pAb Hu, Ms WB, IHC-Fr, ELISA   GTX632359 IL10 antibody [GT5111] Ms mAb Hu, Ms, Rat WB, IHC-P GTX32675 IL18 antibody Rb pAb Hu, Ms WB, IP GTX110527 IL6 antibody Rb pAb Hu, Ms WB, IHC-P, IHC-Fr GTX131448 IL7 antibody Rb pAb Hu WB   GTX51537 IL9 antibody Rb pAb Ms, Rat WB, IHC-P GTX15624 Interferon gamma antibody [2G1] Ms mAb Hu, Ms WB, ELISA, sELISA GTX101416 LDHA antibody Rb pAb Hu, Ms, Rat WB, ICC/IF, IHC-P GTX101747 LDH-B antibody Rb pAb Hu, Ms, Rat WB, ICC/IF, IHC-P GTX110520 TNF alpha antibody Rb pAb Hu, Ms, Rat, Bov WB, ICC/IF, IHC-P GTX102643 VEGF antibody Rb pAb Hu, Ms, Rat WB, IHC-P GTX21316 VEGF antibody [VG1] Ms mAb Hu, Ms, Rat WB, ICC/IF, IHC-P, IHC-Fr, ELISA

 

Reference:

1. Zhou et al. Cell Host & Microbe (2020).